RNY Gastric Bypass
Gastric Bypass
This surgery involves creating a small 20 cc thumb sized stomach pouch, as well as a bypass of most of the stomach and a varying amount of small intestine. The combined limb where digestion occurs is about 2/3 of the small intestine.As a result, weight loss is accomplished both by restriction of food and by malabsorption of some nutrients. Many people report diminished appetite after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, as well as a change in the taste of food. Roux en Y gastric configuration interferes with the normal digestion of food. This is so because the digestive enzymes normally produced in the stomach, liver, pancreas and upper small intestine continue to be made, but do not contact the food that has been ingested until a few feet down the intestine. Hence, the digestion of the food is delayed until it is already part way down the intestine. These are additional ways the gastric bypass causes weight loss. Also we now know that the insulin-sensitizing and appetite reducing hormones like GLP1 and PYY are produced more and the insulin- resistant and appetite causing hormones like Ghrelin are produced less; because of this, metabolic syndrome is reversed.
Advantages of Laparoscopic Method: The advantages of performing the gastric bypass laparoscopically are that it yields cosmetically superior results and the recovery is faster. Some long-term problems, such as incisional hernias, also occur less frequently. Sometimes previous abdominal surgeries make the laparoscopic technique difficult or impossible, because of adhesions (scarring), so the open procedure may have to be resorted. Laparoscopic gastric bypass takes about 1-1 ½ hours to perform and routinely necessitates a stay of 2-5 days in the hospital.
Risks:
A. Operative: The main risk is the leak from the join or staple line. This causes peritonitis which requires further surgery and intensive management. It is usually noticed in the first 24 hours when there is excessive pain noticed by the patient. This happens in less than 1 in 200 cases and is very much dependent on the surgeon’s experience.
B. Late:
1. Vitamin Deficiencies. Following RNY surgery, patients are at risk of developing anaemia because of poor absorption of iron and vitamin B12. Therefore, dietary supplementation of these nutrients is required. Poor absorption of calcium and vitamin D may also occur. Additional calcium and vitamin D supplements may have to be taken postoperatively. Exercises are important to prevent bone demineralisation.
2. Since the staples at the top of the stomach completely block off the lower portion of the stomach and the upper small intestine, there is no easy way to evaluate these portions of the gastrointestinal tract should a problem — such as ulcer, bile duct stones, or cancer — arise at a future time. In fact, although this could be a very real problem, it seldom becomes an issue.
3. Dumping Syndrome is a condition that can cause unpleasant symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, light-headedness, cold sweats, weakness, tiredness, fast heart rate and stomach cramping. This occurs in the gastric bypass patients when foods especially concentrated sugars pass too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. Dumping Syndrome can be caused by eating foods high in sugar or fat, or by drinking liquids and solids together after gastric bypass surgery. Regardless of the surgery, foods high in sugar and fat content are discouraged due to the high calorie content.
4. Nausea /Vomiting/Pain This is often caused by eating too much or too fast. Following surgery, patients will not be able to eat the quantity of food they presently eat. Other causes of nausea and vomiting include ulcers or stricture, as well as drinking liquids with foods, and not chewing or blenderizing foods well enough. Be sure to eat in a slow, calm manner. If vomiting, nausea or pain persist, contact your doctor to rule out ulcers or stricture (narrowing).
5. Hair Loss Hair loss is a side effect of weight loss surgery. You may not see hair loss initially. Often it takes several months after surgery for hair loss to begin. Hair loss should resolve when weight and nutritional intake stabilizes. Hair loss can occur from a low protein and zinc intake, and a severe decrease in overall nutrition. It is important you eat foods high in protein and take a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement which provides a source of zinc.
6. Constipation Constipation after gastric bypass surgery and restrictive procedures is common and should be prevented. Decreased intake of food, fibre and fluid along with iron and calcium supplementation can lead to constipation. Your doctor may recommend a stool softener or laxative. 1. Drink plenty of fluid. 2. Exercise regularly. 3. Try baby food prunes or unsweetened prune juice, applesauce or oatmeal.4 Once you start on a regular diet, you can start eating high fibre foods; Chew all fibre-containing foods to a paste consistency.5. Drink plenty of fluids when increasing fibre in the diet. Also you can take Isphagula Husk twice a day.
7. Food Intolerance Some common problem-foods are red meat, bread, pasta, rice and the membrane of citrus fruits. Toasted bread is better tolerated than untoasted bread. Red meat should be tried last. Red meats are high in muscle fibre, which is difficult to separate even with a great deal of chewing. Always be very careful and chew well.
8. Loss of Muscle Mass Loss of muscle mass can occur after weight loss surgery, but it is preventable. It is very important to exercise after surgery. After weight loss surgery, the body is trying to combat starvation and will consume unused muscle for energy and you will lose muscle mass and strength. It is important to start walking as soon as you go home. Always follow your physician’s advice on when to exercise
Benefits:
1. Weight loss commonly reaches 70% of a person’s excess body weight. As in all weight loss surgery, however, the amount of weight loss is not guaranteed. The amount of weight a patient loses depends not only upon the surgery, but also upon what the patient does with the surgery. The surgery is not a cure for morbid obesity; it is merely a tool. Patients have been known to ingest large quantities of high caloric foods that can result in less than satisfactory weight loss. If a patient adheres to the diet, and if exercise becomes a part of the patient’s regular routine, a substantial weight loss usually results.
2. After losing this amount of weight, patients usually feel physically and mentally better. Preoperative comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, stress incontinence, back pain, knee pain, heel pain, sleep apnoea and other complications of obesity are usually either improved or eliminated altogether. Diabetes may disappear within a day to 6 weeks after the surgery. That’s why it is regarded as one type of metabolic surgery.
Warning! : Contains live recorded footage of Weight loss surgeries. May not be suitable for all viewers.
Warning! : Contains live recorded footage of Weight loss surgeries. May not be suitable for all viewers.